- Nation state system in Europe resulted in more political division, although citizens shared similar way of life and outlook - Viewed themselves as the most advanced civilization, and believed other nations, such as Asia and Africa, should adopt the same social ideals - Death rate stabilized in many European countries, infant mortality fell, higher life expectancy and literacy rate: showed advancement - Higher productivity of labor - 2 zones of Europe: inner and outer Inner: England, Belgium, Germany, France, Northern Italy, western Austrian empire- heavy industry, higher standard of living and capital Outer: Ireland, Italian/Iberian peninsulas, eastern Europe- agriculture based, landlords held wealth, poorer, lower life expectancy. Sold goods to inner zone, couldn’t buy manufactured products. - Third zone: Africa and Asia, except Japan, viewed as “backward” by Europe
Section 71: Basic Demography- Increase of Europeans Population Growth - Europe’s population grew the most in the world after 1650 - Causes: sovereign states ended civil wars and stopped chronic violence and agriculture insecurity, stopped famine and violence in territories in India and Java. Liberation from afflictions like the plague and smallpox, agriculture and transportation improvement. The industrial revolution allowed overseas food import. - Population began to fall after 1900- lower birth rate, small family system - Contraception- limits the birth rate and size of families- mainly used in upper class - European family pattern, or later marriage, shortened number of years women could give birth and increased the years young people could acquire skills and savings - Resulted in less population growth, less extreme poverty - Less children meant all children could have economic security and higher living standards - Lack of child labor and expensive university education resulted in smaller families in the lower class - Small family system improved the position of women because they were freer to pursue education and careers Growth of Cities - in the rural parts of the inner zone, many farmers turned to more intensive agriculture - development of the railroad: manufacturing in large towns, movement of goods in greater volume - city-livers were less tied to home and church, open to new ideas- rise of socialism Migration from Europe - Atlantic migration- 60 million people left- resulted in colonial offshoots of Europe influenced by European culture - Causes: new countries welcomed immigration pre-1914, labor workers and farmers were wanted, steamship/railroad made travel cheaper, improved material circumstances
Historical Cartoons and Propaganda (The white man's burden)
- Nation state system in Europe resulted in more political division, although citizens shared similar way of life and outlook
- Viewed themselves as the most advanced civilization, and believed other nations, such as Asia and Africa, should adopt the same social ideals
- Death rate stabilized in many European countries, infant mortality fell, higher life expectancy and literacy rate: showed advancement
- Higher productivity of labor
- 2 zones of Europe: inner and outer
Inner: England, Belgium, Germany, France, Northern Italy, western Austrian empire- heavy industry, higher standard of living and capital
Outer: Ireland, Italian/Iberian peninsulas, eastern Europe- agriculture based, landlords held wealth, poorer, lower life expectancy. Sold goods to inner zone, couldn’t buy manufactured products.
- Third zone: Africa and Asia, except Japan, viewed as “backward” by Europe
Section 71: Basic Demography- Increase of Europeans
Population Growth
- Europe’s population grew the most in the world after 1650
- Causes: sovereign states ended civil wars and stopped chronic violence and agriculture insecurity, stopped famine and violence in territories in India and Java. Liberation from afflictions like the plague and smallpox, agriculture and transportation improvement. The industrial revolution allowed overseas food import.
- Population began to fall after 1900- lower birth rate, small family system
- Contraception- limits the birth rate and size of families- mainly used in upper class
- European family pattern, or later marriage, shortened number of years women could give birth and increased the years young people could acquire skills and savings
- Resulted in less population growth, less extreme poverty
- Less children meant all children could have economic security and higher living standards
- Lack of child labor and expensive university education resulted in smaller families in the lower class
- Small family system improved the position of women because they were freer to pursue education and careers
Growth of Cities
- in the rural parts of the inner zone, many farmers turned to more intensive agriculture
- development of the railroad: manufacturing in large towns, movement of goods in greater volume
- city-livers were less tied to home and church, open to new ideas- rise of socialism
Migration from Europe
- Atlantic migration- 60 million people left- resulted in colonial offshoots of Europe influenced by European culture
- Causes: new countries welcomed immigration pre-1914, labor workers and farmers were wanted, steamship/railroad made travel cheaper, improved material circumstances
Historical Cartoons and Propaganda (The white man's burden)
- Link to full text of poem: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/kipling.asp